MCAT

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is AAMC’s (Association of American Medical Colleges) standardized examination for US and Canadian medical school admissions. The MCAT is a comprehensive 7.5-hour computer-delivered exam measuring scientific knowledge (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry), psychological and social concepts, critical thinking, and scientific reasoning across four sections. Scores range from 472–528 (120–132 per section). The MCAT is required by virtually all MD programs in the US and Canada (over 175 accredited programs combined); it is not required for DO programs (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) but most DO applicants take it to remain competitive. Medical schools use MCAT scores as a primary admissions criterion alongside GPA, clinical experience, and personal attributes. Results are valid for 3 years.

Key facts

Score structure

The MCAT consists of four sections, each scored 120–132:

1. Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems (CP) (95 minutes, 53 questions)

• Measures understanding of chemical and physical principles underlying biological processes.
• Content: General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics, Thermodynamics, Fluids, Gases.
• Question types: Multiple-choice (single-select and multiple-select) and Free-Response (short answer calculations).
• ~50% general chemistry, ~35% organic chemistry, ~15% physics.
• Assesses quantitative reasoning, conceptual understanding, and application to biological scenarios.

2. Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior (PS) (95 minutes, 59 questions)

• Measures understanding of psychological and social factors affecting behaviour and health.
• Content: Psychology (learning, motivation, personality, disorders, therapy), Sociology (culture, family, healthcare systems), Biology (nervous system, sensory processing).
• Question types: Passage-based and stand-alone multiple-choice (single and multiple-select).
• ~65% psychology, ~25% sociology, ~10% biology applied to behavior.
• Assesses comprehension of human behaviour, mental health, and social determinants of health.

3. Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems (BB) (95 minutes, 59 questions)

• Measures understanding of biological and biochemical processes.
• Content: Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Physiology, Metabolism.
• Question types: Passage-based and stand-alone multiple-choice (single and multiple-select).
• ~50% biochemistry, ~40% cell biology / physiology, ~10% genetics.
• Assesses deep understanding of molecular mechanisms, protein function, and metabolic pathways.

4. Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS) (90 minutes, 53 questions)

• Measures reading comprehension, critical thinking, and reasoning about complex passages.
• Question types: Comprehension, inference, evaluation, application questions on non-science passages (humanities, social sciences, ethics).
• No outside knowledge required; all information provided in passages.
• Passages: ~7 passages (500–750 words each) from literature, history, philosophy, ethics, social sciences, theology, art history.
• Assesses ability to understand nuance, identify author intent, evaluate arguments, and reason flexibly.

Overall MCAT Score: Sum of four section scores (120–132 each) = 472–528. Percentile rank reported alongside score. AAMC publishes detailed score percentiles annually (e.g., 520 = 99th percentile; 505 = 50th percentile; 490 = 25th percentile as of 2026).

Accepted by

• US MD programs: Required by 177 LCME-accredited (Liaison Committee on Medical Education) MD programs in the United States. All major medical schools (Harvard Medical School, Johns Hopkins, Stanford, UCSF, Yale, etc.) require MCAT. A small number of MD programs (e.g., some Caribbean schools) do not require MCAT.

• Canadian MD programs: Required by most Canadian medical schools (University of Toronto, McGill, UBC, McMaster, etc.). Some Canadian schools accept MCAT scores obtained within past 2 years.

• DO programs: MCAT not required by DO programs (accredited by COCA—Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation); however, ~60% of DO applicants submit MCAT to strengthen competitiveness (as of 2024).

• MD/PhD programs: Required in addition to PhD entrance exams (GRE) for MD/PhD applicants in US and Canada.

• International: MCAT not widely used outside US/Canada; some international medical schools accept MCAT, but local medical licensing exams (e.g., USMLE for US licensure, MCCEE for Canada) are standard.

Typical score requirements

Note: Average MCAT scores for matriculants at top-20 MD schools: 515–522. Schools with the lowest median MCAT: ~493–497. Competitive MD school applications typically require minimum 500+ composite score. CARS section particularly important at schools emphasizing primary care and serving rural/underserved communities.

Registration & logistics

Registration:

• Online via aamc.org (AAMC official portal).
• Create account, register, and select test date/location.
• Registration available ~60 days in advance; early registration recommended due to high demand.
• Payment required; non-refundable if cancellation within 7 days of test date.

ID requirements:

• Valid government-issued photo ID (passport, driver’s licence, state ID).
• Name on ID must match registration exactly.
• ID verified at test centre check-in.

Retake rules:

• May retake after 14 calendar days have passed since previous attempt.
• Maximum 4 attempts per 12-month period.
• Maximum 7 MCAT attempts total in lifetime (AAMC policy, effective 2015 onwards).
• All scores from past 3 years visible to medical schools and reported during admissions cycle. Most schools consider highest score; some calculate average or review score trends (verify school-specific policy).

Test-day procedures:

• Arrive 30 minutes before scheduled time (typically 7:00–8:00 AM start).
• Pearson Vue security check: no bags, phones, notes, external materials allowed. Only approved calculator (basic scientific calculator provided on-screen).
• Proctor administers identity verification and exam instructions.
• Testing completed on computer at assigned workstation; dual monitors used for questions and passages.
• Breaks provided: 10-minute break after Section 2 (PS), 10-minute break after Section 3 (BB), and 1-minute breaks between sections. Total break time: ~40 minutes.
• Total time in centre ~8–8.5 hours (including administrative overhead, breaks, and instructions).

Rescheduling:

• Free rescheduling if requested at least 31 days before test date.
• USD $75 rescheduling fee if 7–30 days before test date.
• USD $120+ rescheduling fee if 6 days or less before test date.
• No rescheduling within 7 days; must register for new test and pay full fee.

Preparation

Official materials:

• AAMC Official Prep Hub (most important resource; includes 3+ full-length practice exams, 800+ practice questions, personalized learning analytics).
• AAMC Official Guide to the MCAT Exam (comprehensive content review and testing strategies).
• Khan Academy + AAMC partnership (100+ video lessons free; aligned to MCAT content domains).
• MCAT prep schedule guide (aamc.org; 3–4 month recommended timeline).

Recommended materials:

• The Princeton Review MCAT Complete (comprehensive content review + practice).
• Kaplan MCAT Complete (strong verbal reasoning strategies).
• Barron’s MCAT Superpack (practice tests and content review).
• UWorld MCAT QBank (1,300+ questions with detailed explanations; excellent for practice).
• Magoosh MCAT YouTube channel (free video strategies).
• JackWesleyMD, MileDown, and MCAT Khan Academy community resources (free high-quality content).
• MCAT Discord communities and Reddit (r/Mcat) for peer support and study groups.

Realistic prep time:

• Starting from weak background (~480 MCAT equivalent): 4–6 months, 15–20 hours weekly.
• Starting from average (~500 MCAT equivalent): 3–4 months, 10–15 hours weekly.
• Starting from strong (~510+ MCAT equivalent): 6–10 weeks, 5–10 hours weekly.
• Most pre-med students prepare during junior/senior year of undergraduate degree (2–4 months intensive study).

Common pitfalls:

• CARS section underestimation; Reading Comprehension typically most difficult section for many test-takers. Requires different strategy (close reading, minimal outside knowledge). Allocate substantial prep time.
• Science content gaps; Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry particularly challenging. Must have strong foundational chemistry. Review general chemistry if weak.
• Inadequate full-length practice test experience; must complete multiple full AAMC practice exams under timed conditions. Official AAMC exams most predictive of actual MCAT performance.
• Timing pressure; 7.5 hours is long; mental stamina and pacing critical. Practice full exams without breaks first, then with breaks to simulate test day.
• Delayed test-taking; most competitive applicants take MCAT by May/June of application year (AMCAS opens June 1st). Late test dates risk delayed application submission.

Comparison with similar tests

Recent changes

• MCAT format stability (2020–2026): MCAT format has remained consistent since 2015 update. No major structural changes through April 2026. Content domains adjusted slightly (e.g., increased emphasis on psychology/sociology starting 2015; no significant changes since).

• Test date availability increase (2022–2026): AAMC expanded test-date offerings from ~30 dates per year (2020) to 40+ dates per year (2026), addressing demand and reducing scheduling bottlenecks.

• Fee increase (January 2024–2026): MCAT fees increased from USD $370 to USD $395 (January 2026) to support expanded Pearson Vue test centres and enhanced digital infrastructure. Fee assistance programs expanded concurrently.

• Score reporting timeline (2022–2024): Standard score reporting maintained at 30–35 days; expedited reporting (25 days) offered in select test administrations. Delayed scores rare (< 2% of test-takers).

• Fee assistance expansion (2024–2026): AAMC expanded fee assistance program; applicants with family income below 300% of federal poverty line eligible for free MCAT registration. Additional fee waiver slots provided annually.

Primary sources

• Official MCAT site: aamc.org/mcat; accessed 16 April 2026.
• MCAT test information and registration: students-residents.aamc.org/mcat/mcat-registration; accessed 16 April 2026.
• Official MCAT Prep Hub: aamc.org/assessment/mcat/mcat-exam; accessed 16 April 2026.
• Khan Academy + AAMC MCAT Prep: khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat; accessed 16 April 2026.
• MCAT score percentiles and interpretation: aamc.org/assessment/mcat/mcat-scores-percentiles; accessed 16 April 2026.
• LCME-accredited MD programs: lcme.org; accessed 16 April 2026.
• MCAT Blueprint (exam content outline): aamc.org/assessment/mcat/mcat-blueprint; accessed 16 April 2026.

Last updated: 2026-04-16.